Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of over 4,000 human-made chemicals known for their heat, water, and grease-resistant properties. Since the 1950s, PFAS have been widely used in consumer goods such as textiles, food packaging, firefighting foams, and cosmetics. 

Due to their widespread use and persistence, PFAS chemicals contaminate water, air, soil, and sediments. They accumulate in living organisms, entering the food chain for instance through seafood, eggs, meat, and drinking water. Humans are highly exposed to PFAS, with studies showing links to health issues like high cholesterol, cancer, fertility problems, and effects on the endocrine and immune systems.

The Stockholm Convention from 2001 is an international treaty focused on controlling persistent organic pollutants. It regulates several compounds within the PFAS group globally.